The new productive forces are representative of advanced productive forces. While new system for mobilizing resources nationwide highlights the institutional advantage of concentrating resources to do major things, it is an innovative form of resource allocation under the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, and is the embodiment of new production relations. The two jointly boost high-quality development and innovation and reform of Chinese modern production mode. It can be seen that the development of new productive forces is inseparable from the collaborative innovation role of new system for mobilizing resources nationwide in the resource allocation, the innovation subject and the support carrier. Therefore, in order to give full play to the advantages of the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide, we should start from organizational innovation, research and development innovation, and industrial innovation, and boost the development of new productive forces with innovative allocation of production factors, revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, and industrial transformation and upgrading.