中国人口负增长是人口再生产方式转变长期积累的结果。本文以全国人口普查、1%人口抽样调查和年度人口变动抽样调查为基础,研究中国人口变动的新情况和新特点,研究发现,中国人口形势发生重大转变,总人口负增长进程加速启动。首先是死亡率从相对稳定向持续上升的转变,死亡因素成为决定人口负增长快慢的新力量。其次是中国育龄妇女的总和生育率进入极低生育水平,生育水平从超低生育率向极低生育率的转变,开启总和生育率的1.0时代,出生人口数量持续、快速、稳定下降至1000万以下。再次是婚姻状态变化主要表现为晚婚、不婚和离婚,有配偶比例下降引起人口再生产连锁反应,第二次人口转变成为加速人口负增长的新机制。还有是死亡人口规模结构性持续上升和高龄化趋势明显。最后,通过孩次递进方法进行人口总量、结构预测,结果显示,总人口减少速度较快,到2050年总人口减少到12.68亿人左右。出生人口规模持续下降趋势不可避免,2026年继续下降到900万人以下,2050年预计出生人口不到740万人。老年人口比例2047年前后超过30%,与少儿人口比例之差逐渐加大,2048年起相差20%以上。

The development of generative artificial intelligence presents unprecedented opportunities while also introducing novel infringement risks. From a legal perspective, the following positions are advanced: First, regarding the regulatory model for infringement, Chinese law should adopt a prudent and inclusive approach, adhering to the principle of “promoting development through standardization and achieving standardization through development.” Infringement issues arising from generative AI should be addressed within the existing legal framework to avoid stifling technological innovation with overly stringent regulations. Second, concerning the attribution of liability, a fault-based principle should be adopted, establishing clear and reasonable criteria for determining fault based on the specific context and current technological standards. For adjudicating specific infringements, “safe harbor” rules should be applied by analogy to assess the fault of generative AI service providers. Furthermore, appropriate regulations should be designed to govern the collection and processing of publicly available personal information, sensitive personal information, and existing works by generative AI, as well as the application of deepfake technology.

There is no shortage of opinion on the origin and reasons for the drama to call the female character “dan character.” According to the relevant literature, we believe that the appellation originates from “zhuang dan” in Wu dialect and Jianghuai Mandarin. When the drama originated, male actors playing female characters were called “hu dan.” Fang Yizhi of Ming Dynasty described it as “the man dressed up as a female character,” which is “zhuang dan” from later periods. This form of play was called “act a false woman” in the Tang Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, it was called “play the part of Mistress.” This form of play, from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present, has not been interrupted in fact. “Dan song,” which flourished in Han and Wei dynasties, was a kind of “guai melody” art, in which performers play a female character and sing in a male voice. And “dan music” may be a title for women to play the wind and percussion instruments that men are good at. “Dan (旦)” is the shorthand of “dan (妲)” or “dan (但).” Obviously, “zhuang dan” in the drama evolved from the word “hu dan.” The ancients thought that the appellation “dan” came from the folk language of the Jin and Yuan dynasties. In fact, this is the process of its spread rather than its origin. The original writing of “dan (旦)” is “dan (妲)” or “dan (丹).” It has its origins in Wu dialect, which means “makeup reddened the skin.” The so-called “zhuang dan,” derives from “when women improve their looks, powder is called ‘zhuang’ and paint is called ‘dan’.” “Dan (妲)” is a variation of the checked tone of “dan (丹),” which originates from Minzhe dialect and Jianghuai Mandarin.

自动驾驶技术的发展对传统侵权法理论已形成剧烈冲击。关于自动驾驶汽车侵权责任的承担,理论界主要围绕交通事故责任制度和产品责任制度的适用展开,但均存在相应缺陷,有待未来立法予以完善。一方面,就交通事故责任制度适用于自动驾驶情形而言,现有规范存在责任承担主体不明确、归责原则难以适用等问题,不论是否肯定自动驾驶汽车具有限制性的民事主体地位,未来立法均宜引入无过错责任的保有人责任制度,实现其与产品责任制度的衔接。另一方面,就产品责任制度适用于自动驾驶情形而言,现有规范存在产品缺陷认定困难、因果关系举证困难以及生产者免责抗辩存在争议等问题,未来立法需要明确不同产品缺陷类型下“不合理危险”的具体认定方式,宜采用因果关系推定原则减轻受害人举证负担,还需完善抗辩事由中的“产品投入流通”时点确认规则,并严格限定现有技术抗辩权的适用。

中国的老龄化和“未富先老”特征,对养老保险制度形成严峻挑战,也导致对养老保险基金可持续性的担忧。诚然,从健全社会保险精算制度要求出发,保持对老有所养问题的忧患意识,未雨绸缪做足政策准备十分必要;然而,陷入担心养老金不足的“精算恐慌”也于事无补。应该着眼于依托中国经济增长潜力,以及人工智能提高生产率的巨大可能性和确定性,秉持普惠、均等分享生产率的思路,更加积极地完善基本养老保险制度。本文揭示,即便在老龄化加深的趋势下,劳动年龄人口生产率的增长速度,仍然显著领先于老年抚养比的提高速度,这个领先优势还会因人工智能进一步强化。基于此,本文阐释人工智能时代养老保险模式的思路,特别指出第一支柱的核心地位,也强调了若干政策要点,如完善现收现付式的职工养老保险、把居民养老保险提升为社会养老金、推动个人养老金稳步健康发展等。

This paper investigates the theory of wealth value from the perspective of new quality productive forces while maintaining the foundation of labor value theory. Labor value theory encompasses two analytical paradigms: value analysis and wealth analysis. Since new quality productive forces represent the productivity of concrete labor, the wealth analysis paradigm can accurately evaluate the productivity effects of new quality productive forces. Wealth is created through the joint contribution of multiple factors including labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, and management. The role of factors beyond direct labor in wealth creation will become increasingly significant, particularly scientific and technological innovation. Various productive force elements develop new quality productive forces through creative destruction, wherein entrepreneurs function not only as laborers but also as leaders of innovation, and the entrepreneurial factor itself faces creative destruction in the development of new quality productive forces. Capital plays a crucial role in optimizing the combination of new quality productive force elements to enhance total factor productivity. Entering the 21st century, the iterative upgrading of new quality productive forces manifests as: information economy—digital economy—intelligent economy. The digital economy and artificial intelligence introduce three novel factors: data, computing power, and algorithms. Confronted with the intelligent economy paradigm, economic research on wealth growth factors must expand beyond purely material factors (laborers, means of production, and objects of labor) to encompass the three elements of the digital economy. The intelligent economy is grounded in the digital economy with algorithms playing an increasingly prominent role. In the context of the digital and intelligent economies, data, computing power, and algorithms emerge as new factors of wealth creation, bringing disruptive impacts on wealth value creation. They not only substitute for labor but, more importantly, substantially replace direct labor processes. Therefore, research on wealth creation in the intelligent economy cannot be entirely explained through labor processes alone; it must also focus on innovation processes. This necessitates a series of adjustments in production relations, establishing production relations more adapted to new quality productive forces.

This paper examines, from a philosophical perspective, the profound challenges that artificial intelligence technology poses to human cognitive subjectivity, revealing how the “illusion of understanding” undermines the integrity of knowledge production. The study finds that this illusion manifests as a crisis across three dimensions: in scientific research, the application of AI leads researchers to mistake statistical correlations for causal insights, giving rise to the risk of a “scientific monoculture;” at the technical level, the fluent expression of large language models conceals their statistical nature, as they lack symbolic grounding and causal reasoning capabilities; at the human-computer interaction interface, explainable AI tools induce an “illusion of explanatory depth” that traps users in cognitive inertia. Based on epistemological and philosophy of technology perspectives, this analysis reveals that the root of this crisis lies in the fact that human understanding depends on embodied experience, causal models, and intentionality, whereas AI remains confined to data-driven correlation computation. To overcome this predicament, the paper advocates reconstructing the human-technology-world relationship based on the theory of technological mediation, building a framework of relational responsibility, safeguarding epistemological pluralism, and translating philosophical reflection into technology governance practice through value-sensitive design. Only by reaffirming the autonomous status of the human cognitive subject and maintaining cognitive autonomy through critical coexistence with technology can we enjoy the benefits of AI enhancement without forfeiting the fundamental conditions of what it means to be human.

要实现人口高质量发展,客观上要求对于中国当前三孩政策下的低生育形势及未来走势进行实证分析并采取积极行动策略。本研究基于生育意愿视角,认为要有效应对中国当前及未来的超低生育率,需要解决以下三个关键问题：科学研判三孩政策下低生育意愿的新特点与新趋势。基于2010年至2023年的中国综合社会调查数据,本研究发现三孩政策以来育龄女性的生育意愿呈显著下降趋势,1995年及以后出生的年轻一代育龄女性不仅生育意愿明显低于其他较为年长群体,而且自身生育意愿随时间推移“不升反降”,这一现象表明了中国未来生育水平很可能还会继续下降,值得高度警惕。人口发展战略与人口政策应充分体现生育意愿视角。基于以往人口治理的经验和教训以及顺应全球人口与发展最新理念的需要,生育意愿视角应贯穿中国当前及未来人口发展战略和人口政策研究和决策的全过程。构建基于生育意愿视角的更具包容性的生育支持政策体系。不变的生育支持政策的人口发展战略应以千方百计提升过低生育率为目标,要重新树立微观层面育龄女性的主体地位,尊重其多样化的生育需求。具体而言,更具包容性的生育支持政策包括进一步拓宽人口政策空间、提升生育意愿、提高生育意愿向生育行为的转化这三个重要环节。要更好发挥生育支持政策的效力,还需要在人口与发展的伦理、人口政策合法性基础、生育意愿测量、对于年轻一代婚育意愿的跨学科研究等方面重点着力。

Government attention allocation profoundly shapes policy priorities and governance effectiveness. This study employs five-year plan indicators as an observational window and constructs a “scale-structure” analytical framework for government attention. Through coding and statistical analysis of the indicator columns in 331 prefecture-level 14th Five-Year Plan outlines, it systematically delineates the attention allocation characteristics reflected in local governments’ planning indicator setting. The findings reveal three key patterns. First, the scale of local government attention exhibits a pattern of “overall stability with regional adaptation”: the total number of indicators fluctuates around the national benchmark, and nearly 80% of prefecture-level cities maintain dimensional consistency with the national plan. Second, the structure of local government attention reflects a “prioritization of livelihood issues with a balance of rigidity and flexibility”: livelihood-related indicators account for the highest proportion, averaging over 30%, while binding indicators are maintained within a moderate range and concentrate on environmental governance and baseline livelihood tasks. Third, significant regional disparities exist in attention allocation: the eastern region prioritizes livelihood improvement and technological innovation, the central and western regions remain focused on economic growth, and the northeastern region faces constraints on livelihood investment under transformation pressures. Further analysis indicates that the differentiated allocation of local government attention is closely associated with factors including institutional cycles, resource endowments, and developmental stages. This study extends the measurement approach to government attention and, by leveraging the cross-cycle and institutionalized nature of planning indicators, provides an empirical foundation for understanding the allocation characteristics of local governments’ medium- to long-term attention.

具有市场支配地位的数字平台拒绝交易数据,形成横向封锁效应,提高下游市场竞争对手成本,抑制基于平台数据的创新,有必要引入反垄断法规制。“必需设施”模式主张数字平台具有开放必需数据的义务,这与平台数据的非排他特性相抵牾,与维护均衡状态的竞争相违背,难以实现制度运行成本最小化。基于经济层面数字平台呈现寡头垄断与迭代式创新的特性,政策层面增强平台国际竞争力的目标定位,实施层面实现错误成本最小化的要求,应回归“竞争影响”模式。为贯彻之,须以信息可替代性强弱认定数字平台的市场支配地位;竞争损害认定须重点分析隐私保护程度的下降和竞争对手获取、存储数据成本的提高以及创新能力减损;如平台数据中蕴含敏感个人信息及商业秘密,应适用违法性阻却。

]本文尝试从影子教育发生的社会心理机制和群体文化效应为教育“内卷”提供解释。通过分析“中国教育追踪调查”（CEPS）数据,本研究发现家庭社会经济地位显著地影响了课外补习支出,但教育期望在家庭社会经济地位影响课外补习支出的中介效应较小,而课外补习支出更多地来自同辈群体补习参与行为的影响。据此,本文认为家庭让孩子参与课外补习,更多的是在同辈群体补习压力下,为规避“补习掉队”而采取的策略。进一步分析发现“掉队规避”在不同群体间表现出异质性,社会经济地位较高的家庭更易受到“掉队规避”的影响,“掉队规避”将扩大影子教育支出的差距。本文通过比较教育期望和同辈群体补习参与对家庭课外补习支出的相对影响大小,从两种社会心理机制分析我国教育“内卷”现象,并呼应了国家为影子教育降温所采取“双减”政策。

The fundamental issue facing labor law in the digital age is the reconfiguration of labor domination brought about by algorithmic control. Through algorithmic dispatching, dynamic pricing, rating and ranking, account control, and automated decision-making, platforms transform the traditional managerial authority of employers into a technology-based, data-driven, and concealed structure of domination, thereby challenging the traditional criteria for identifying subordination based on explicit commands, fixed organizational structures, and contractual forms. The purpose of China’s labor law is to protect the lawful rights and interests of workers and to establish and develop harmonious and stable labor relations. Its theoretical foundations may be summarized as the theory of protecting the right to subsistence, the theory of redressing labor subordination, and the theory of all-round human development. The reconfiguration of labor domination in the digital age presents three challenges to the realization of the purpose of labor law: the concealment of substantive subordination, the reduction of protection to a single dimension, and the superficiality of regulatory measures. To address these challenges, specific criteria for technological subordination should be established to reshape the scope of protection; workers’ procedural participation should be guaranteed to strengthen the protection of their agency; and the protection of workers’ right to development should be institutionalized through training obligations, data portability, and algorithmic labor impact assessments.

The transition of the Inner Mongolian princes from the privileged “Manchu—Mongolian family” to the more egalitarian “Five ethnic groups republic” was not immediate, it required meticulous coordination between the Qing Dynasty and the Republican government. The Qing Dynasty implemented separate governance over the Mongolian banners, thereby preventing the consolidation of local force by princes-uniting. The Late Qing reforms diminished the privileges of the Mongolian banners, and the unexpected outbreak of the 1911 Revolution, coupled with the princes’ unfamiliarity with republicanism, led to their unification in an effort to control their own future. Outer Mongolian authorities seized the opportunity to ally with them, while Russia and Japan also redrew their spheres of influence in Manchuria and Mongolia, which led to the Eastern Mongolian princes’ rebellion and the passive stance of the Western Mongolian princes toward the Republic. However, due to their secret agreements, Russia and Japan limited their support for the Eastern Mongolian uprising. Meanwhile, the Beijing government, capitalizing on the hesitation of both Russia and Japan, swiftly reinstated certain privileges granted to the Mongolian princes during the Qing period and elevated the status of the Tibetan Buddhism leaders in Inner Mongolia to counteract Outer Mongolia’s influence. These facilitated the transition from the Forbidden City to the presidential office as the central symbol of political authority. Simultaneously, the government stabilized the situation with military presence, deployed propagandists to engage with the Mongolian banners in promoting republican ideals. Subsequently, the government convened the Eastern and Western Inner Mongolia conferences in October 1912 and January 1913, respectively, which led to the princes’ endorsement of the Republic. In this sense, the Qing dynasty’s “non-republican” institutional legacy provided a transitional foundation for the emergence of the new concept of “the Republic of Five Ethnic Groups,” enabling China’s mode of ethnic unification to move away from the imperial-monarchical bond and toward a principle of equality.

After the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan in 1949, it relied on honoring Confucius and the anti-communist banner to legitimize its regime. However, by the mid-1960s, the institutional practice of honoring Confucius and granting privileged treatment to descendants of the Sage, established during the training administration era, fell into multiple predicaments of practice and ideology. In 1966, the Kuomintang education authorities implemented a policy of guaranteed university admission for lineal descendants of Confucius and hereditary Sacrificial Officials. Yet this policy met bureaucratic resistance, public backlash, university refusals, and supervisory corrections, triggering a large-scale controversy over educational privileges for descendants of Confucius. This incident forced the Kuomintang authorities to scale back the age-old Confucian sacrificial official system and reduce the special privileges afforded to the Sage’s descendants. It also comprehensively reviewed various preferential treatment systems for examinees with special identities under the symbolic framework of the “Great China” and the policy of “Recovering the Mainland.” This reflects the tensions between the legacy of ancient rituals and examination systems, special admission privileges versus educational equity, and social egalitarian ideas and official ideology under the Kuomintang authoritarian regime in Taiwan.

In the context of economic and social development transformation and accelerating population aging trend, the times proposition of actively addressing population aging with high-quality population development is not only rooted in multiple theories, including the Marxist “two kinds of production” theory, people-centered value orientation, methodology rooted in systematic thinking, and life-cycle perspective. It is also a forward-looking, holistic, and long-term strategic plan that scientifically grasps the laws of population development and is grounded in Chinese modernization practices. Furthermore, its core logic is to effectively shape and utilize high-quality population elements, characterized by abundant size, excellent quality, optimized structure and reasonable distribution, thereby promoting long-term balanced population development, stimulating and releasing the benefits of longevity, enhancing intergenerational equity and gender equality, cultivating a Chinese-characterized aging civilization, so as to consolidate the multi-dimensional foundation of actively addressing population aging in terms of population, material resources, services, society and culture. In the future, we need to prioritize high-quality population development as our strategic focus and adopt a holistic approach that considers the entire population, the entire life cycle, and all aspects of human needs, and then improve policies for child-rearing support, lifelong learning education, social security, and elderly care services. These initiatives will help us systematically optimize Chinese-characterized proactive approach to addressing population aging, transforming population aging into a new driving force for Chinese path to modernization, ultimately achieving the comprehensive development of individuals and shared prosperity.

数字资本主义通过资本与技术的耦合重塑了以知识为载体的结构性暴力形态,即“知识暴力”形态。这种暴力形态并非源自知识自身逻辑,更多是数字资本主义向知识领域展开掠夺性扩张的结果。其形成依赖于权力寄生、认知排他、价值抽离与资源垄断等四个相互关联的机制,并呈现精准而隐蔽、垄断且殖民、系统又日常的特征。具体运行中,数字资本主义通过控制知识生产与分发的核心资源,算法系统通过设定可见性与排序规则,传播机制通过持续塑造认知习惯,共同削弱了知识主体的自主判断能力,并使知识价值受制于资本增殖逻辑。针对这一现象,传统正义理论难以充分回应知识主权与公共性的受损问题。因此,建构知识正义的核心在于强化知识生产的公共属性,解构算法霸权,重塑知识治理权,为摆脱数字资本主义对知识创造的支配性影响提供规范性基础。

]建构马克思主义理论学科自主知识体系,是新时代实施哲学社会科学创新工程、构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的关键任务。马克思主义理论学科作为中国哲学社会科学的旗帜性学科,其自主知识体系建构水平直接决定着中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的方向纯度、理论深度与实践力度。本文立足党中央对哲学社会科学发展的战略部署,围绕马克思主义理论学科自主知识体系建构,重点探讨并阐释了其主体性与原创性、普遍性与特殊性、整体化与一体化、学科性与学术性的关系问题。唯有坚持守正创新,立足中国实践,回应时代课题,才能构建起具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的马克思主义理论学科自主知识体系,为中国哲学社会科学繁荣发展提供坚实理论支撑,开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界。

During 1938-1939, the Eighth Route Army actively encouraged local armed forces east of the Taihang Mountains, including bandits, militia groups, local defense forces, village guard units, and inter-village alliances, to join the anti-Japanese resistance. This effort aimed to strengthen and expand guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines and achieved notable success. During this period, the willingness of these local armed forces to align with the Eighth Route Army was driven by a combination of nationalist resistance fervor and the pursuit of survival opportunities. However, due to variations in the political landscape across different regions, the specific motivations for their alignment with the Eighth Route Army were not entirely consistent. By examining these regional differences in motivations, it is possible to reconstruct the historical facts of how local armed forces accepted incorporation into the Eighth Route Army. This approach provides a deeper understanding of the growth and development of the anti-Japanese guerrilla forces under the leadership of the Communist Party of China in North China behind enemy lines from 1938 to 1939.

关于“艺术生命”的论题,美国当代著名艺术哲学家苏珊·朗格提出“生命形式”理论,将艺术形式视为一种“生命形式”,并从有机性、运动性、节奏性、生长性四个方面对其进行了阐释。中国艺术哲学也从来不乏对“艺术生命”的强调,南朝谢赫提出的“气韵生动”理论便是其中极具代表性的学说之一。二者虽根植于中西不同的文化土壤,且具有不同的表达方式,但二者对“艺术生命”的认识却遥相呼应,共同揭示了艺术的生命本体属性。本文以苏珊·朗格的“生命形式”理论与谢赫的“气韵生动”理论为例,深入探究中西方文化对艺术生命共通性的理解。通过中西艺术生命哲学的跨文化互证与融合,本文提出艺术生命包含“形式生命”与“精神生命”两个维度,尝试构建一个超越单一文化局限的艺术生命理论阐释框架。具体而言,本文从“有机之构”“流动之势”与“节律之感”三个方面详细阐述艺术的“形式生命”内涵,从中西各自文化视野出发探讨艺术“精神生命”的丰富意蕴,并从文化基质、本体认知、生成机制三个方面辨析中西艺术生命哲学的差异,为构建跨文化视域下的艺术生命理论提供新的视角和思路。

中华文明精神标识是国家形象建构中最深层、最持久的文化资源。在文化动能上,中华文明精神标识以文化主体性的根基建构、国际叙事的结构优化、跨文化传播的认同联结赋予建构国家形象三重动能。在类型特征上,通过对文化内涵的现代转译、符号形态的有机组织与价值逻辑的深层嵌入,中华文明精神标识衍生出文明传承型、发展驱动型、治理有序型、价值开放型与责任担当型五维形象矩阵,生动彰显了中华文明形塑国家形象的内在向度与外显特质。在实践路径上,国家形象的未来建构亟需在强化符号体系、重塑叙事结构、拓展传播场景以及深度融入全球议题等维度协同发力,从而全方位增强中国国家形象的文化表达力、意义建构力、价值传播力与实践支撑力。

随着数字行政的决定形成日益依赖于算法运作,以个案适用为核心的行政法规范难以对行政权力进行有效管控。数字行政需要将可解释性作为其运作基础,以确保自动化决策的治理活动能服务于行政任务的目标实现。可解释性是一种认知结构,为行政实践提供公共理性的判断基础。通过揭示事实判断与价值判断之间的理由,可解释性使数字行政的运行过程、规范前提及其组织形态得以被理解、质疑并进行审查。在此基础上,可解释性细化并重塑了数字行政的审查对象,使算法决策、协同治理以及行政任务的形成过程得以纳入实质审查,从而对数字行政塑造社会现实的自主性施加有效约束。

The evolution of the concept of Nation in modern times had once involved the entanglement of dual approaches of French and German, with the former emphasizing unified sovereignty and conscious political will, while the latter emphasized the homology and identity of culture and even blood ties. Primarily following the French approach, the term of Nation was introduced into China and then Japan as Chinese words “国” (kwǒ, state) or “国民” (kokumin, citizen) by the late 19th century. During the middle and late Meiji period, there was a shift towards the German approach, leading to the translation of Nation as “民族” (minzoku), which became entangled with concepts of race and ethnicity. At the end of the Qing dynasty, The influx of new terms from Japan combined with political change in China led to confusion about “民族” (minzu) and related concepts. Politicians and scholars like Liang Qichao and Sun Yat-sen, in light of historical traditions and practical circumstances of China, successively explored the connotations of Nation in the sense of wholly “中华民族” (zhonghua minzu) or “中华国族” (zhonghua guozu), and Gu Jiegang argued from various aspects of theory, history, and reality that “the Chinese Nation is the whole” in 1939. These efforts reflect early attempts to construct local autonomous discourse in the context of globalization of modern knowledge.

]论文基于礼物的馈赠与回报关系的视角,对高价彩礼的实践形式、影响及治理展开定性分析。研究发现,高价彩礼的多样化实践形式包括赤字型高价彩礼、均衡型高价彩礼和增益型高价彩礼。赤字型高价彩礼可能使婚姻生活面临困境,给家庭和社会带来多重风险和挑战;均衡型高价彩礼可能为婚姻稳定提供支撑、为家庭发展提供保障,但互惠平衡之下存在社会隐忧;增益型高价彩礼可能为婚姻幸福增添助力、为家庭发展增添动能,但婚嫁新风之下存在社会风险。不同类型的高价彩礼给个体、家庭和社会带来了差异化影响,这要求对高价彩礼进行分类化治理。综合施策与多元规制：对赤字型高价彩礼进行联动治理;合理引导与积极赋能：对均衡型高价彩礼实施精准治理;“化高为低”与回归本源：对增益型高价彩礼开展精细治理。

传统“理发”向现代“美发”的转型催生了一个新的就业群体——发廊青年。他们的工作愈发呈现出互动性和展演性。他们除了提升理发技艺之外还要丰富身体资本,通过身体整饰应对市场变化和需求。鉴于该群体的职业化程度高度依赖以身体为媒介的互动与表演,且相关实践在工作与生活场域交错发生,理解其专业形象的建构必须回到其微观情境展开考察。基于此,本文以身体为核心,进一步区分了发廊青年工作和日常生活中的双重身体整饰实践,并发现：在工作时空,发廊青年主要运用时尚具身化和多维度身体互动的身体整饰策略形塑身体资本;在非工作时空,他们则通过媒介化整饰以及购买消费符号等“类中产”审美实践与社交演出不断延续并维护其在工作中形成的身体形象,展现出一种持续性的职业展演。由此可见,双重整饰既是空间上的差异策略,也表现为身体资本生产与再生产之间的循环性、协同性与延续性。同时,发廊青年的整饰行为也呈现出过度整饰的倾向：一方面,这种过度整饰使他们的工作与生活边界逐渐模糊,生活世界被异化为“工作世界”;另一方面,整饰实践并未实质改变其社会坐标,反而加剧了身体的客体化与商业化,或许是一种个体的“虚拟现代性”。

This paper utilizes the history of the late 19th-century Po Leung Kuk in Hong Kong as a point of entry to explore potential paths for operationalizing social science theories as historical analytical tools, seeking to provide a modest reference for a profound interdisciplinary dialogue. First, the study uses “refraction theory” to examine the power struggles within the colonial government. It shows that the PLK was not just a charity, but the result of a political victory by officials who favored “delegated governance” through local customs. Second, by combining practice and legitimacy theories, this paper examines how Chinese elites navigated institutional contradictions to codify local customs into legal provisions, achieving self-empowerment and participation in governance through legal validation. Finally, drawing on field theory, the paper analyzes the struggle between officials and elites over the power to define the identities of admitted women. It reveals how marginalized women utilized institutional disparities and behavioral strategies to expand their survival space within the interstitial spaces of power. By grounding theoretical inquiry in empirical evidence, this study not only broadens the perspective on the fields of power emerging from the collision of cross-cultural governance models, but also offers a feasible path for interdisciplinary knowledge complementarity and paradigmatic mutual learning.

The combined effects of economic transition, social transformation, cultural changes, and digital technological progress have brought about an unprecedented transformation in the concept and behavior of marriage and childbearing from the agricultural society, which had persisted for thousands of years. Starting from the historical and cultural logic of “the mutual construction of family and nation,” and drawing on the early experience of the 1999 “New Marriage and Childbearing norms Entering Thousands of Households” campaign, this paper discusses the promotion strategies for a new-type marriage and childbearing culture in the new era. The social governance logic of “the mutual construction of family and nation” constitutes the theoretical basis for promoting a positive marriage and childbearing culture; the “New Marriage and Childbearing norms Entering Thousands of Households” publicity campaign launched 26 years ago has provided valuable practical experience for the promotion of the new-type marriage and childbearing culture in the new era. The promotion of the new-type marriage and childbearing culture should focus on fostering a positive view of marriage, childbearing and the family, advocating the value concept of “building healthy families through national support, while supporting the nation with numerous healthy families,” and creating a social context that respects marriage and values childbearing. It is also necessary to leverage the technological dividends of the digital and intelligent era, combine normalized promotion with concentrated advocacy and participatory reproductive health support, and build a daily space that is life-friendly, a cultural space that is value-friendly, an institutional space that is policy-friendly, and a social space that is service-friendly. This thus addresses people’s livelihood issues and enhances the people’s sense of happiness, gain, and security.

The 1871 Mudan Incident, in which shipwrecked Ryukyu civilians were killed, triggered political turmoil within Japan. Advocates of the Seikanron (the Conquer Korea Argument) in the Meiji government seized this incident as a pretext to plot an invasion of Taiwan, dispatching spies to gather intelligence long before the formal military campaign. Upon learning of the deaths of the shipwrecked Ryukyu residents, Kabayama Sukenori lobbied aggressively and submitted a covert reconnaissance plan, which gained swift approval with the support of Saigō Takamori and Soejima Taneomi. Japanese agents infiltrated Taiwan in four separate groups to collect strategic intelligence. Kabayama Sukenori personally took part in and supervised field operatives to conduct detailed surveys of Taiwan’s Indigenous communities, then forwarded all gathered intelligence back to Tokyo. The reconnaissance reports supplied by Japanese agents greatly facilitated the Meiji government’s military plan to invade Taiwan. The espionage team led by Kabayama received official promotions in recognition of their valuable reconnaissance service. The Qing central court and local Taiwan authorities failed to implement effective countermeasures against Japanese spies in the early phase of the crisis. After Japan launched its 1874 invasion of Taiwan, the Qing adjusted its governance strategies by opening up mountain frontier areas and carrying out the pacification of Indigenous communities, which constrained Japanese military operations on Taiwan to a certain degree. The successful espionage operations conducted during Japan’s 1874 Taiwan invasion exposed Japan’s intense desire to pursue military aggression and territorial expansion in the wake of the Meiji Restoration. This episode stands as the opening salvo of modern Japanese militarist expansionism.

Developing a unified national market is a core component of refining the high-level socialist market economy system and a strategic underpinning for advancing Chinese modernization. A unified national market should be characterized by a fair and competitive market environment, a sound and targeted regulatory system, the free flow of factors of production, and the efficient allocation of market resources. The fiscal system constitutes the institutional foundation for developing a unified national market and provides a key guarantee for aligning it with the high-level socialist market economy system. At present, the construction of a unified national market remains constrained by fiscal institutional barriers related to intergovernmental relations, tax system design, and non-tax revenue administration. The vigorous development of the digital economy and other new business formats has further exposed the mismatch between the existing fiscal and taxation system and the requirements of building a unified national market. To advance the development of a unified national market, it is necessary to establish a new type of central-local governance relationship and improve the horizontal fiscal distribution mechanism; improve tax system design and innovate tax collection and administration models; deepen budget management reform and strengthen non-tax revenue administration; and promote the construction of a data-driven fiscal and taxation system to foster a new paradigm of digital governance.

]运动是人类作为生物体的具身性体验,也是观察社会的一个窗口,运动感知与技术几乎是人类的生存本能,但关于身体运动与社会联结的知识生产却往往被社会学领域所忽略。以本土作为方法、世界作为目的,构建中国自主知识体系与标识性概念不仅是对中国式现代化道路的生动阐释,也是对中国运动社会学面向自身文明与世界接轨过程中所展现思想图景的激发。一方面,在出场形态上,本土思想体系中对身体运动社会性价值的探寻要远大于对生物性潜能的激发,身体运动的多元意涵被现代性语境所遮蔽;在曾经的效法西方现代化路径中,“赶超”作为一种社会心态而存在,体育被赋予无限的“意义感”,身体运动的经验性解释以及日常感知被忽略,运动行为的本土化建构在知识生产中沦为被言说的客体。另一方面,本土的身体以及身体运动思想在实现中西社会理论会通,建构运动社会学自主知识体系上具有独特的想象力。中国运动社会学应致力于实践主体性、文化主体性和文明主体性建设。从本土经验中提炼原创性问题,在中西互鉴下回应时代症结,以本土作为方法、世界作为目的,用中国之原理解决世界之问题。

Original and iconic concepts are the cornerstone of constructing an independent knowledge system. Critically examining the innovation of the concept of “independence” and the historical predicament of discursive “dependency” holds fundamental and presuppositional significance for building an independent knowledge system. To achieve the refinement from concepts to the construction of an independent knowledge system in Chinese philosophy and social sciences, it is necessary to follow its inherent logic, that is, to take Marxist theory as the soul of thought, ensuring the thoroughness and scientific nature from concept to system construction; to take the practice of Chinese-style modernization as the source of motivation, enhancing the explanatory and integrative power from concept to system construction; to take the excellent traditional Chinese culture as the root of culture, highlighting the subjectivity and nationality from concept to system construction; to take the rules of thought dissemination as the wings of discourse, improving the communicative and influential power from concept to system construction. To advance the construction of an independent knowledge system in China’s philosophy and social sciences, efforts should focus on delving into classical texts and contemporary practical achievements to refine original concepts and systematize knowledge; preserving subjectivity to activate the cultural resources for building an independent knowledge system; upholding openness and inclusiveness to draw on all beneficial achievements of human civilization, thereby highlighting the universal values embedded in the independent knowledge system; and continuously promoting discursive innovation to create a knowledge expression system that integrates Chinese perspectives with international recognition, ultimately achieving the goals of establishing subjectivity, fostering originality, ensuring systemic coherence, and manifesting universal significance. This process of constructing and innovating an independent knowledge system — from concept to system — is not only a necessary path for establishing China’s academic subjectivity but also the epistemological foundation for contributing Chinese wisdom.

]在技术迭代加速、产业边界消融与创新范式转换的时代背景下,构建系统、专业、高效的知识产权诉讼特别程序,已成为激励原始创新、保障技术转化与维护市场竞争优势的关键制度需求。传统民事诉讼程序在应对新技术、新业态所引发的知识产权纠纷时,显现出专业审理能力不足、证据规则滞后及救济时效性欠缺等制度局限。为此,构建契合知识产权特性的诉讼特别程序具有紧迫的必要性与坚实的现实基础。知识产权诉讼特别程序应建立“类型化分流、争点前置”的案件管理机制、构建以技术调查官为核心的多元协同事实查明体系、设计“有限披露与保密协同”的适应性证据规则以及完善兼具效能与比例原则的临时救济措施,推动知识产权司法保护从事后救济迈向兼顾创新激励与竞争秩序的制度治理,以更好服务新质生产力的发展。

]中国乡土小说在百余年发展中形成了鲜明的艺术与审美价值,新时代乡土小说在承继传统乡土文学的基础上,表现出新的美学特质。乡土社会在当下正经历着前所未有的变迁,新时代乡土小说既记录了这种变迁,也通过独特的仪式叙事及其记忆建构增强了个体与集体、传统与现代、历史与未来之间的联系。新时代乡土小说通过仪式叙事承继了传统乡土小说的历史民俗书写,并深入剖析了乡土社会中个人记忆与集体记忆之间的深刻关联。从仪式叙事及其记忆建构的角度对新时代乡土小说进行考察,能够进一步理解乡土社会在新时代的新质意义。

]地方政府行为对区域间经济关系的形成与演进具有重要影响。近年来,财政支出结构的偏异趋势凸显,基于2007—2020年省级面板数据研究发现：财政支出结构偏异对区域经济协调发展的影响效应是倒U型的。在区域经济协调发展目标导向下,中西部地区、南方地区和高偏异度地区可以保持相对较高的财政支出结构偏异程度。不确定性冲击使得地方政府更需要通过强化财政支出结构偏异以推动区域经济协调发展。全样本下生产性财政支出占比的最优阈值在34.35%左右,而南方地区和中西部地区生产性财政支出占比的最优阈值分别在35.62%和35.19%左右。对此,应实施异质性的财政支出结构,创新政府资金投入管理模式,靶向特定领域提升生产性支出效率,规范地方政府竞争优化财政支出决策。

区域协调发展是中国式现代化的内在要求,对推动高质量发展、扎实推进共同富裕、形成优势互补的区域经济布局具有重大战略意义。当前,伴随国内外发展环境的深度调整,纵深推进区域协调发展面临一系列难题和挑战,主要包括百年变局加速演进对区域发展带来新冲击、城镇化进程放缓叠加人口总量下降形成新压力、破解多种特殊类型地区发展困境亟需新动力、深入实施区域重大战略需要新思路。“十五五”时期深入实施区域协调发展战略,需高度重视现存挑战,以构建一体化的区域经济发展格局、规范化的区域战略实施体系、专业化的区域政策体系和均衡化的城镇体系为原则和方向,以提高战略实施的有效性为重要抓手,不断推动区域战略联动融合、完善区域管理制度基础、增强区域政策专业性以及促进城市高质量发展。

破产偏颇行为撤销制度是基于债务人破产的前提而对其所有权自由的限制。虽然破产偏颇行为非因破产法上的原因,没有任何其他的效力瑕疵,但仅是因为债务人破产的发生其就具有了可责性。偏颇行为撤销制度是民法基本原则之平等原则在破产法上的投射,该制度从理论上兼具功能层面、利益层面和价值层面的三重正当性。而在规范构造上,偏颇行为撤销权人行使的是破产法上所特有的撤销权,该撤销权不应要求行为人主观上有优待相对人之认识,同时,应当设置易于举证的状态要件、长度合理的时间要件,并且采用列举加兜底方式设定行为要件。

]经济发展是在社会总供需动态平衡上“增量提质”的过程。实现经济高质量发展的关键在于社会总供给与社会总需求的动态平衡。西方主流经济学认为,社会总供需平衡是一种被动的、静态的和事后的平衡。本文回归马克思主义政治经济学经典原理,深入挖掘马克思提出的两种含义的社会必要劳动时间,剖析自由竞争资本主义、现代资本主义和苏联模式在协调“两种时间”的实践局限性,提出社会主义市场经济体制可以促成“两种时间”实现“握手”,社会总供需可以实现动态平衡。内在机制包括微观和宏观两个层面,微观上,公有制经济主体与非公有制经济主体协同配合;宏观上,高效完善的宏观经济治理体系统筹赋能。在生产、流通、分配和消费四个环节为“两种时间”的握手提供畅通渠道、空间路径、市场条件和终端保障,是构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制的题中之义。

朱迪亚·珀尔提出的“因果之梯”理论为推断因果关系提供了形式化、层级化的分析框架,但其植根于形式逻辑与统计模型的方法底色,使其在解释复杂的历史事件时仍面临适用困境。以《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》为例,唯物史观叙事中的社会历史结构不能被解读为“观察”所能把握的关联网络;历史主体的能动性是嵌入具体社会关系并在结构性约束中展开的实践活动,无法被“干预操作”简化为单一的历史因素;而基于矛盾运动对历史趋势的科学预见,亦不同于“反事实”层对虚拟情境的逻辑推演。唯物史观叙事通过辩证的、历史的和科学的分析,既揭示了形式化因果模型在历史领域的局限性,也在历史哲学层面彰显了其理论科学性与当代解释力。

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established “ensuring both development and security” as an important principle that must be followed during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, and put forward higher requirements for the construction of rule of law for national security. The construction of rule of law for national security in China takes people’s security as the core value, which not only reflects the Party’s profound understanding of the basic laws of national security, embodies the Party’s governance philosophy of “exercising power in the interests of the people” and the essential requirements of “the people being the masters of the country,” but also demonstrates China’s value ranking of rule of law goals for national security. The national security legal system is an important institutional carrier of the core value. It contains the concept of the unity of collective security and individual security, builds an institutional framework that relies on state power to ensure people’s security, and safeguards people’s interests through the operational mechanisms centered on the performance of legal duties by state organs. To advance the construction of the rule of law for national security in the new era, it is necessary to adhere to the purpose of people’s security and protect the people’s interests and rights through legislation, law enforcement, justice, and law-abiding.

作为大生产运动中的一面旗帜,南泥湾因八路军三五九旅极富传奇色彩的屯垦故事而闻名于世,此地之所以被冠以“陕北好江南”的美誉,与水稻的成功引种密不可分。抗战时期,水稻由部队中的南方籍官兵最先种植,在数年内取得了不俗的成绩,奠定了南泥湾的稻作传统,并赋予水稻革命传统象征意义;集体化时期,在革命传统精神的影响下,加之农业战略推进、制度保障的完善和劳动力、资金、技术的投入改进,南泥湾稻作传统在赓续中有所发展;改革开放后,南泥湾稻作顺应市场经济规律不断调整,价值体系和传播空间日益拓展,为地方经济发展和民生改善注入动力。历史上南泥湾的稻作虽屡有起落兴衰,但其传统从未中断,基于南泥湾稻作史的长程梳理与分析表明,革命传统的形成和延续有其生态环境基础、政治组织保障和历史文化基因,尤其离不开广大基层民众对美好生活的持续追求与向往,只要这些因素不变,革命传统便不会中断。