1992年邓小平“南方谈话”起到了重要历史关头一锤定音的作用,堪称中国特色社会主义的理论基石,是向全党、全社会发出的又一篇解放思想、实事求是的宣言书。“南方谈话”的要义在于,科学认识马克思主义、精辟论述什么是社会主义以及如何建设社会主义、解答改革开放中的诸多难题、提出抓住时机加快经济发展的“台阶论”、精辟论述坚持党的领导以及加强党的建设的极端重要性、对经济特区和东部沿海地区寄予厚望。党的历任领导人高度肯定“南方谈话”的历史地位,指出“南方谈话”深化了对社会主义的新认知、打开了社会主义事业发展新局面、开创了适合中国国情的新理论。“南方谈话”对当下中国经济社会发展的启示在于：社会主义具有蓬勃的生命力,中国特色社会主义是实现中华民族伟大复兴的必由之路,以人民为中心、坚持党的领导、抓好后继有人这个根本、同世界人民携手开创人类更加美好的未来是中国式现代化的题中应有之义。

基于对中国数字游民的质性研究,本文从“流动基础设施”视角出发探讨基础设施力量和环境如何形塑游民个体的工作与生活实践及流动体验。研究发现,“制度性”“实体与技术性”及“社交性”基础设施能够生成并推动数字游民的职业发展、日常生活和社会交往;同时,这些基础设施的“故障”“中断”和“失效”会对其工作与生活及整体流动进程产生阻碍与破坏。此外,研究阐明,数字游民个体在面临基础设施所带来的困境时能够展演能动性,并寻求、整合和调配基础设施资源,积累相应能力和资本,以维系或中止其数字游牧的生活方式。由此,本文将“流动基础设施”这一视角引入中国语境下数字游民等议题,进一步拓展其作为分析框架的深度和广度,并在实证层面促进对中国青年流动和生活方式变化等研究主题的关注和发展。

党的十八大以来,习近平总书记坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义,在充分继承马克思主义科技思想和全面总结中国共产党领导我国科技事业取得辉煌成就的历史经验基础上,围绕实现高水平科技自立自强、强化国家战略科技力量、建设全球人才高地等内容提出一系列新思想新观点新论断,形成了习近平科技观。习近平科技观是马克思主义关于当代科技发展的最新规律性认识,主要体现在两个方面：一是在全面总结中国共产党领导科技事业发展变革的百余年历程和伟大成就的经验规律上达到了新高度;二是在新征程上就科技创新如何支撑强国建设、民族复兴等一系列重大问题的准确把握和战略擘画上开辟了新境界。深刻领悟习近平科技观,对新征程上加快建设世界科技强国具有重要意义。本文从形成进路、基本向度和时代价值三个视角,重点分析习近平科技观的演进逻辑和丰富内涵,旨在从整体上加强习近平科技观的学理化阐发与系统性研究,为人们更好把握其理论特质和实践要求提供支撑。

乡村旅游目的地作为特殊的地域空间,关涉利益主体多元,其生态环境维护与治理对乡村旅游可持续发展具有重要意义。随着经济社会变迁、乡村旅游提质升级和人民大众发展需求变化,传统乡村生态治理模式难以适应现代乡村旅游经济发展。新时代乡村旅游目的地生态环境治理需要在相关主体之间的利益博弈中寻求动态平衡,从价值理念、制度设计、管理与协作机制等维度优化发展路径,构建乡村旅游目的地生态环境多元主体共建共治共享的发展格局,协力提升乡村旅游目的地生态环境质量,共同回应新时代人民群众对美好生活的期待。

在具有超大规模市场优势的国家,内资企业拓展投资布局时面临国内异地投资还是对外直接投资的选择。本文从外商直接投资视角探讨开放经济对内资企业跨区域投资选择的影响,以及国内市场和要素条件在其中的作用。利用工业企业数据库、商务部公布的境外投资企业（机构）名录和企查查提供的企业相关信息进行实证分析,结果表明外商直接投资促使企业偏向对外直接投资,主要通过成本上升效应、溢出效应和跟随效应实现。受制于要素流动障碍和禀赋差异,在外商直接投资作用下,市场分割程度相对较低和要素禀赋相对有限地区的内资企业更为倾向对外直接投资。研究结果为构建新发展格局提供了理论参考,对促进国内国际双循环具有现实意义。

随着可持续发展理念深入人心,责任投资逐渐被投资者和资产管理行业所重视,企业ESG（环境、社会和治理）责任履行与股票市场稳定之间的关系受到广泛关注。采用2012—2022年我国A股上市公司数据,从耐心资本视角探讨了企业ESG责任履行对股票市场稳定的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,企业ESG责任履行可显著降低股价崩盘风险,从而增强股票市场稳定。机制识别发现,ESG责任履行能够产生信息效应、长期机构投资者治理效应和绿色投资者关注效应,进而发挥耐心资本稳定股票市场的作用。异质性分析表明,ESG责任履行的股票市场稳定效应主要体现在非国有企业、秦岭淮河以北（空气质量较差的）地区和高污染行业的企业样本。以上结论丰富了ESG责任履行缓解股价崩盘风险的实现机制,为推动企业履行ESG责任与稳定股票市场提供了理论参考。

The emergence of China’s miracle has many reasons, but the most fundamental one is that it has opened up the socialist path with Chinese characteristics, formed the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, established the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and developed the socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. The foundational role of Deng Xiaoping Theory in the socialist building with Chinese characteristics is concentrated in eight aspects: First, Put forward the theory of the primary stage of socialism and formulate the basic line of the Communist Party of China in the primary stage of socialism; Second, clearly put forward the theme of “building socialism with Chinese characteristics,” summarize and put forward the theory of the essence of socialism, and successfully open up a new road of socialism with Chinese characteristics; Third, emphatically stress that “reform is China’s second revolution,” lead our Party to carry out institutional reforms in all aspects step by step, and bravely open the door to opening up to the outside world; Fourth, boldly break through the shackles of traditional socialist concepts, put forward that socialism can also have a market economy, and pave the way for the establishment and improvement of a socialist market economic system; Fifth, fully promote the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and democratic legal system to achieve all-round social progress; Sixth, creatively put forward the scientific concept of “one country, two systems,” guide the smooth transition and return of Hong Kong and Macao, and promote a new situation in cross-Strait relations; Seventh, place institutional construction in a prominent position and promote the reform of the leadership system of the Party and the state and political system reform; Eighth, emphasize that strengthening the leadership of the Party must improve the leadership of the Party, and must concentrate on strengthening Party building to make the Party full of new vitality.

Qualitative data analysis is one of steps for developing sociological imagination. There is still lack of full methodological discussions on the issue of how to do this well. Franco Moretti’s (2005) concept of “distant reading” gives us an inspiration for solving this problem. However, his ideas on distant reading take researchers to the road of quantitative style of distant reading, which departs from the scope of traditional qualitative research. But distant reading can also be employed in traditional qualitative research, not in a quantitative style, but in a qualitative style. The latter differs from the former in the fact that it is neither necessary to take massive texts or big data for analysis, nor necessary to reduce the variables or indicators for analysis. Qualitative style of distant reading is characterized by opening up psychological distance between researchers and texts of data, which allows researchers to look from a height down to the data in a more holistic way. Despite for the fact that in both traditional qualitative research and qualitative style of distant reading the abstract thinking and theoretical generalization are emphasized, both differ from each other in the timing and functioning of abstract thinking and theoretical generalization. There are three strategies in qualitative style of distant reading: enhancing the level of abstraction as early as possible, adopting abduction logic as early as possible and using memo writing for help.

《穆斯林的葬礼》是一部具有现实主义创作特征的小说。它获有茅盾文学奖的社会声誉，同时经受着文学史书写的怠慢和文学经典化的美学考验。它书写了曲折的爱情悲剧及其复杂的人性世界，彰显出丰富的历史意识及其传统文化内涵，展示了当代现实主义文学创作的典型性、史诗性和审美性追求，带有20世纪80年代现实主义文学装置特征。与此同时，它在故事设计、细节刻画以及诗意表达上也存在刻板、重复和拖沓现象，这也敞露出特定时代现实主义文学创作的局限和问题。

The green low-carbon transformation of industrial chain is an inevitable requirement for China to achieve the goal of “double carbon,” which conforms to the internal logic of high-quality development and the modernization of industrial chain. It is an important measure for China to seize the new opportunities of global low-carbon economic development and build a modern industrial system. By analyzing the strategic logic, innovation logic, competition logic and security logic of green and low carbon industry chain, this paper explains the scientific connotation and transformation results of green and low carbon industry chain. It clarifies the technical, market, talent and institutional challenges faced by the green low-carbon transformation of the industrial chain. Based on the requirements of the “double carbon” strategy, it puts forward measures such as strengthening technological innovation and application support, deepening market mechanism and incentive measures, enhancing talent training and social awareness, improving policy support and system construction, and anchoring the green industry system. It aims to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of China’s industrial chain.

大国竞争加速推动了新兴区域概念的崛起与传播,准确把握区域概念的形成及合法性问题成为发展中国特色区域国别学的现实要求。本文通过梳理、比较多种学科领域对区域概念的理解,建构出以物质主义和理念主义本体论特征“强”“弱”为变量的分类框架,区分出自然-建构型、建构型、自然型和抽象概念型四种类型的区域概念,而不同类型的区域概念也在现实维度表现出显著合法性差异。通过比较“东南欧”与“东南亚”这两个区域概念,进一步揭示反思区域概念对区域国别学的重要性和必要性,即在把握区域概念时须深入考察其本体论特征,从而避免陷入西方主导设置的“概念陷阱”,这将有利于加快构建中国自主知识体系。

During his studies in Hong Kong, Sun Yat-sen had the experience of being called “Sun Walker” or “Sun Wukong”. After the London disaster in 1896, the nickname “Monkey King”(Xingzhe) spread widely, and the reformists often used it to refer to Sun Yat-sen. At the beginning of the 20th century, during the debate with the royalists, the revolutionaries once published a short story called“New Journey to the West,”borrowing the inspiration of Monkey King’s occupation of the Heavenly Palace to imply that the revolution led by Sun Yat-sen would surely achieve victory. Many key plot points in the novel coincide with the whereabouts of Sun Yat-sen reported in newspapers, demonstrating the diversity of revolutionary propaganda. Before the Xinhai Revolution, revolutionary newspapers and magazines dedicated themselves to creating the image of Sun Yat-sen as the revolutionary leader, and “New Journey to the West” was just one part of it.

Around 1949, judicial takeover was an important part of the Communist Party of China’s efforts to take over the Kuomintang’s regime. Based on the Marxist-Leninist view of the state, the regime, the law and the actual situation of its own cadres, the CPC’s judicial takeover has both principle requirements and flexible strategies. The judicial takeover of the northeastern region began at the beginning of the China’s War of Liberation and was basically completed by 1949, and the relevant practices and experiences were followed thereafter. After the end of the Three Major Campaigns in China’s War of Liberation and the rapid expansion of the newly liberated areas, the CPC was faced with a large-scale takeover of the regime, and the judicial takeover expanded with it. How to carry out the takeover in an efficient, orderly and standardized manner became a matter of urgency. For this reason, the Central Committee of the CPC issued the Proposals on the Takeover of the Judicial Organs of the Kuomintang in Beiping and Tientsin in January 1949, and the Supplementary Proposals on the Takeover of the Judicial Organs of the Kuomintang in November of the same year. These two recommendations became the guiding documents for judicial takeover, the general principles of both being the same but with some differences, the former being more stringent and the latter being relatively moderate. This is a reflection of the adjustment in the takeover policy of the Central Committee of the CPC in the judicial field. This adjustment affected the subsequent judicial takeovers in the liberated areas of the south-central, south-western and north-western parts of China. The judicial issues related to the takeover were resolved later in the process of regime consolidation.

专业关系是社会工作学科的基础议题,但其在学科发展历程中的话语变迁还缺少充分关照。梳理专业关系的话语变迁发现,在由“专业”与“友爱”两种属性构成的关系光谱之中,专业关系研究经历了“确立友爱—遮蔽友爱—重现友爱”的过程。在社会工作先驱那里,助人者与受助者之间构成友爱关系。但经由比斯泰克的阐述,加之受到专业化和市场化的影响,这种关系的友爱属性在20世纪70至90年代逐渐被遮蔽。正是在这一时期,界限话语开始兴起,并成为专业关系的主导性话语。直到90年代末“关系为本”的社会工作出现,以及社会工作实践场景的转换,友爱才得以重新显现在专业关系的光谱中,而界域也开始成为界限的竞争性话语。梳理专业关系的话语嬗变有助于引导我们对本土专业关系和相关伦理议题的反思。

在南宋这一“中国转向内在”的时代,陈亮以“事功之学”对朱熹理学提出了挑战。这场争论围绕“义利之辩”“王霸之争”和何谓理想人格三项议题展开。朱熹构建了形上学和伦理学的精微体系,陈亮则发扬了孔子积极用世的精神,以功利主义匡救世儒空谈心性之弊,两者构成了宋儒伦理学的主流与伏流的关系;在政治文化的向度,朱熹的儒家王道理想主义和陈亮儒法合一的现实主义,凸显了古代政治史的显/隐、表/里结构。朱熹意在挽“人欲横流”之世风,陈亮则拒绝朱熹的“醇儒”楷模,坚持孔子的学以成人理想,力主豪杰人格,以救理学人格论偏枯之失。从现代性视域看,陈亮所提倡的“豪杰”人格屡屡为后来的改革者所推崇;他对商业和商人地位的重视,可以视为倡导商业伦理之前驱。进入中国对外开放、积极进取的20世纪,功利主义从“伏流”翻转为“主流”,陈亮的政治理论与现代国家的建构也颇有契合之处。

One challenge in Max Weber study is the separation and tension between science and politics. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach to Weber’s literature, to comb through his various political and academic activities. With the concept of Geistige Arbeit/spiritual labor, four aspects of Weber’s contribution during the war could be integrated: the establishment of wartime hospitals; participation in peace negotiations, party politics, etc.; exerting public influence by lectures and newspaper articles; writing and teaching as a scholar and professor. Base on his study of Protestant ethics, Weber opposed the proposition that war would contribute to the emergence and development of modern capitalism. From Weber’s political comments during the First World War, this paper extracts a dialectical relationship between war and peace, behind this relationship is a universal logic of power while power itself is amorphous. Through his spiritual labor, Weber realized the transition from being passively affected by the war to taking the initiative to assuming political responsibility. To sum up, this paper argues that it is necessary for sociology to further expand its research horizons by adopting war into its basic framework as a fundamental issue of theoretical research.

The grand historical perspective is a method of evaluating history by placing it in the deep historical river and vast historical space. Although Deng Xiaoping did not explicitly use the concept of the grand historical perspective, the method of evaluating history contains the essence of the grand historical perspective. The emergence of Deng Xiaoping’s grand historical perspective has its historical foundation, philosophical foundation, era conditions, and subject conditions. Deng Xiaoping’s evaluation of the history of the CPC, the People’s Republic of China, the history of reform and opening-up, the history of the development of the Chinese nation, and the history of human society explained the method of evaluating history based on the grand historical perspective. Deng Xiaoping’s grand historical perspective is an organic unity of historical consciousness and historical initiative, national stance and global sentiment, history and the present and future, containing the dialectics of historical evaluation. Based on the grand historical perspective, Deng Xiaoping established the correct method for evaluating history, drew a series of important conclusions, and promoted the generation of historical confidence.

随着新文化地理学研究视角的不断丰富,现象学也为我们解读日常风景的文化价值和社会意义提供新思路。现象学理论指导下的风景研究强调人的主体性活动,提出人类对所栖居的自然环境的理解和改造首先来源于日常与具身性的生活经验、感知和情感,人类与自然风景之间呈现相互作用、共同发展的动态关系。现象学的研究方法和思维理念引导文化风景研究聚焦情感、身体、实践、操演及日常生活等话题,大大拓展了新文化地理学的开放性、实践性和整体性。

近几年,中国人口出生率屡创新低,如何提高生育意愿成为解决人口问题的关键。欲寻低生育意愿的根源应深入到文化层面,中国多样的地域文化为研究“文化与生育”提供了理想场景。研究利用方言测度地域文化,发现地域文化与个体生育意愿相关。进一步研究显示,地域文化通过社会观念、社会压力和社会支持三个机制影响生育意愿,且不同方言区的地域文化影响各异,方言“强势”、人口流入多、宗族文化强的地区,地域文化对生育意愿的影响更显著。此研究为学界提供了新视角。解读影响中国生育意愿的非制度因素,为完善生育政策提供数据支持,也为国际学界研究生育领域的文化效应提供了来自非移民国家的新的经验证据。

The establishment of the doctrine of conscience can be attributed to Wang Yangming’s enlightenment at Longchang. This enlightenment contained a new understanding of the study of things to acquire knowledge, and it also represented a reaction against Zhu Xi’s doctrine of the study of things to acquire knowledge. Wang Yangming’s conscience is the subjectified essence, which can be called the “knowing of the beginning.” It encompasses the functions of emotion, will, and knowledge in the subject. The function of conscience is the knowing of the unknowing. It does not have a subject-object relationship with the object of sensation. The object of conscience’s sensation is not the object that the cognitive mind confronts, but the object of non-object. Wang Yangming’s study of things to acquire knowledge is an event of direct sensation of conscience. The heart and the object are not empirical concepts, but transcendental concepts, and they still act on the real world. Zhu Xi’s doctrine of the study of things to acquire knowledge also presupposes that the heart and the object have a transcendental aspect. It is manifested at the end of the self-cultivation process in which the scholar suddenly catches the principle of moral. However, in the process of self-cultivation in Zhu Xi’s school of thought, there is a dialectical relationship between heart-knowledge and object-principle. The scholar must first understand the cognitive principle of real things, and then the principle contained in his heart can be revealed. As the heart becomes clearer, the understanding of the object’s principle also becomes deeper and wider, and so on. Zhu Xi’s doctrine of the study of things to acquire knowledge emphasizes that moral judgments in the real world must be based on the background knowledge of differentiation and indirectness. In the end, it can reach the state of both heart and object ascending into the innate realm. Wang Yangming’s doctrine of the study of things to acquire knowledge and Zhu Xi’s doctrine of the study of things to acquire knowledge are not necessarily contradictory. However, because Wang Yangming emphasizes the embodiment and realization of the principle of conscience, he highlights the innate meaning of the object, but he cannot prove the knowledge meaning of the object. This article takes the calligraphy and military that Wang Yangming used to describe the field of conscience’s wonderful use as examples, and points out that conscience’s immediate judgment still needs to be based on the indirect knowledge of the broad supportive awareness. Such a doctrine of conscience is the unity of sudden teaching and gradual teaching.

环境信息公开对于完善中国环境治理体系至关重要,但其能否进一步助推经济高质量发展尚不明晰。本文采用面板Tobit模型实证考察了环境信息公开对城市经济高质量发展的影响及其作用渠道,结果显示：环境信息公开程度的提高能够显著促进由环境绩效（即环境全要素生产率增长）所表征的经济高质量发展,这一结论通过一系列稳健性检验得到了验证;环境信息公开主要通过推动技术创新和调整产业结构这两种作用渠道改善城市环境绩效;环境信息公开对城市环境绩效的改善作用在东部地区、非资源型、高制造业密集度及低环境规制城市中表现得更为明显。研究结论为进一步完善环境信息公开制度,推动我国经济高质量发展提供了重要决策参考。

Mr. Lin Jiayou is an outstanding representative among the older generation of scholars studying Sun Yat-sen in China. Since he embarked on the road of research on Sun Yat-sen in the late 1970s, he has been forging ahead and constantly innovating, playing an indispensable role in the process of research on Sun Yat-sen to prosperity. Mr. Lin, with a high degree of academic consciousness, broke through the paradigm of revolutionary history earlier and devoted himself to systematically expounding Sun Yat-sen’s thoughts on construction. The biography of Sun Yat-sen, edited by him in his later years, is the culmination of his dedication to the academic community. Mr. Lin has also demonstrated remarkable achievements in academic exchanges and other fields. Mr. Lin’s academic exploration in the field of research on Sun Yat-sen is a microcosm of the first generation of scholars who rose during the reform and opening-up period.

“中国理论”作为习近平文化思想重要概念的提出,是历史反复证明理论具有多重重要性与新时代尤为需要理论指导和支撑,即历史之鉴与时代之需共同作用的结果。“中国理论”是立足于新时代中国实践,对中国经验、中国成就进行理论升华,通过中国话语来有力表达中国立场、中国主张,凝聚和彰显中国价值、中国精神、中国力量,为世界奉献中国智慧、中国方案的理论。构建和发展“中国理论”,筑牢和发挥文化主体性是其根本要求和根本途径。具体而言,就是要更为自觉地推进“两个结合”,更为自觉地坚持实践取向、坚持群众路线、坚持问题导向,更为自觉地坚持守正出新,更为自觉地推进理论的体系化、学理化,构建富有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派而又科学严谨的学科体系、学术体系、话语体系,形成中国的自主知识体系。

“宠辱若惊”章是人们讨论《老子》的焦点之一。郭店本“宠辱若”的“”字,应释为“䁝”,读作“撄”,而不应读作“荣”,其义为扰动、惊扰。对于此句,本文联系其他简帛本,从文字、句法、词源、文义四个方面作了分析和论证。“何谓宠辱”以下数句是为了说明老子对世俗宠辱所采取的态度。世人贵宠而厌辱,而老子则等同视之,甚至以宠为下。“宠辱若惊”与“贵大患若身”是两个贯通、递进的命题,人“贵大患”便是由惧辱而来的对生命本真的撄扰。“无身”与“贵身”本质上并无区别,只是其理解“身”的角度不同,“无身”是实现“贵身”的手段与工夫。“无身”的“身”,专指不合于道之“身”,这是《老子》的特殊用法。“无身”并不是对个体生命之“身”的消解,而是对受到外在宠辱的撄扰、不合于道之“身”的否定。

The translation of Western philosophy flourished in the late Qing Dynasty, when at least 99 books on Western philosophy were translated into Chinese. Among them, there were 10 introductory works on philosophy and 18 works on logic, which far exceeded previous similar translations in terms of both quantity and quality. At that time, almost all fields of philosophy, including introductory works on philosophy and works on logic, were introduced, including ancient Greek philosophy, Western modern philosophy, and the ideas of important philosophers from ancient Greece to modern times. Many leading figures of the era, including Cai Yuanpei, Yan Fu, Liang Qichao, and Wang Guowei, devoted themselves to this Logic was particularly valued. The importance of Western philosophy in the late Qing Dynasty was largely due to the fact that the translation of philosophy and the construction of philosophy were seen as the key to national revival. This is consistent with the banner of science raised during the May Fourth Movement, which were both expressions of the cultural self-awareness of the Chinese nation.

本文采用时变参数模型,从省级层面对我国财政政策周期性进行动态测度,结果显示,随着经济快速持续发展,我国财政政策周期出现了“跨周期”转变,多数省份呈现财政政策顺周期扩张和逆周期向非周期乃至顺周期转变,这些变化引致全国财政政策跨周期转变,呈现了积极财政政策的一致性和持续性。研究结果对于优化各省财政政策调控,完善区域协调发展,抵御未来财政风险,推动经济高质量发展具有重要参考价值。

引进海外科技创新人才是实现创新驱动产业升级的重要力量。本文基于中国工业企业数据库和224个地级市面板数据研究了“海外科技创新人才引进政策”对我国产业升级的影响与作用机制。研究发现：（1）实施“海外科技创新人才引进政策”对我国产业升级具有显著促进作用,该结论在满足模型有效性前提下,经过一系列稳健性检验和内生性检验之后依然成立;（2）“海外科技创新人才引进政策”对我国产业升级的促进作用主要通过科技人才集聚效应、人力资本高级化效应以及创新创业效应实现;（3）“海外科技创新人才引进政策”对我国产业升级的促进作用因激励手段、城市类型和市场化程度不同而存在明显差异。该促进作用在“供给型政策”与“环境型政策”激励程度更大、“生产型城市”以及市场化程度较高的地区表现的更大且更显著。

On November 16, 1908, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan issued a confidential order through its embassy in China to 22 consulates, including the Shanghai Consulate, requiring each consulate to investigate Japanese missionaries and missionary status in their jurisdictions, including the missionaries’ ages, sects, methods, funding, number of followers, and relationships with local officials and people. The investigation was a crucial measure for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to understand the actual state of missionary activities and to decide future diplomatic policies, when the Sino-Japanese missionary rights negotiations in the late Qing Dynasty was stalled. This investigation provides excellent materials for understanding the historical facts of the Japanese religious sect and missionaries, how they preached (including funding), the effectiveness of their missionary work, and the local responses. The investigation also strengthened consensus among Japanese consulates regarding missionary work in China and also influenced Japan’s foreign missionary work and the relevant decisions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Energy is the foundation of economic development, and advancing new productive forces is essential for facilitating high-quality economic growth. Renewable energy represents a crucial foothold for energy transition and emerges as a novel economic form driven by new productive forces. Amid the new practical demands, China's renewable energy industry urgently necessitates breaking free from traditional growth patterns and development trajectories. Hence, it holds considerable practical significance in analyzing the challenges the renewable energy industry faces and exploring approaches to promote its development based on the characteristics of new productive forces. Firstly, this paper introduces the“high-tech, high-efficiency, high-quality”traits that have manifested in the renewable energy industry. Secondly, this paper investigates the challenges that might be encountered in further strengthening these three aspects of new productive forces in the renewable energy industry. Finally, based on the challenges above, this paper puts forth targeted proposals for developing the renewable energy industry, aiding it in consolidating its “green”undertone while possessing more pronounced features of new productive forces.

Based on the preserved correspondence between Sun Yat-sen and French intelligence agencies in the late Qing Dynasty, it can be proven that Sun Yat-sen proposed the Five-power Constitution theory no later than June of 1906, shortly after his trip to Europe. By establishing this timeline, we can accurately grasp the evolution of Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary theory and his political direction. Within the revolutionary political party, his aim was to break the members of the Tongmenghui’s fixation on the Separation of Powers theory and establish a unified ideological understanding. In terms of external propaganda, he sought to counter the constitutionalists and occupy the commanding heights in academic discourse, emphasizing the advanced nature of Chinese revolutionary theory and seeking support from European and American countries for the Chinese revolution. The debates and discussions surrounding the theories and institutional designs of the Separation of Powers, Four-power, and Five-power demonstrate that the Separation of Powers is not an inviolable truth. A political theory that is suitable for a country’s history and traditions can lay a solid theoretical foundation for political practice.

From an economic perspective, Macao's practical exploration of integrating into the overall national development since its return can be roughly divided into three stages. Since 2017, Macao has entered a new stage of integrated development guided by the regional planning of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Macao's accelerated integration into the overall national development agenda has profound strategic implications and intrinsic logic. It is an effective way to promote the moderate diversification of Macao's economy and enhance the momentum of its economic development. With the help of top-level design, it can targetedly drive the corresponding adjustments in the economic governance mechanisms of the SAR government. Macao explores new models of better combination of“effective government”and“efficient market”by actively aligning itself with higher-level plans, building the macro-guidance function of strategic planning, establishing a matching industrial policy system, and improving the government management structures and coordination mechanisms. Based on Macao's position and mission in the country and the region, paying attention to and properly handling the relationship between integrated development and“assimilation, ”integrating into the the national development agenda and leveraging international advantages, deepening the relationship between integration and innovative development, and“effective government”and“efficient market”not only helps Macao's long-term development, but also contributes the Greater Bay Area's“leading”function and Macao's model to China's modernization.

After the assassination of Liao Chung-kai, the Kuomintang Central Committee resolved to task Wang Ching-wei, Xu Chongzhi, and Chiang Kai-shek with forming a“special committee”to address the crisis. When the case gradually become clear, it concluded with Xu Chongzhi being forced to“undertake medical treatment in Shanghai.”Due to Sun Yat-sen's later revolutionary stance, which increasingly aimed at imperialism, particularly British imperialism, following the“Liao Case, ”Chiang Kai-shek promptly assigned blame to Britain. Also, the heightened tensions in the“customs revenue conflict”between two sides forced Chiang Kai-shek and others'inclination to suspect Britain for any cases. This suspecion reinforced by the“Business Group Event”and“Shaki Massacre.”Chiang Kai-shek even prepared for potential conflict with Britain. While addressing the“Liao Case,”Borodin and the Comintern deemed Chen Chiung-ming and his backer Britain a dire threat to the revolution. However, Xu Chongzhi failed to act and even sought to replace Chen, and tried to protect his subordinate including Liang Hongkai, who deeply involved into the“Liao Case.”Borodin and associates exploited their personal dispute with Hu Hanmin to get rid of Liang Hongkai and others first. Subsequently, under the pretext of Xu Chongzhi's control over finances, Chiang Kai-shek lead the Whampoa Student Army and the First Army, used military means to resolve the issue with Xu Department. Borodin and others thought that resolving Xu Chongzhi and bringing the“leftist”faction led by Chiang Kai-shek to power would facilitate smooth progress in revolution, but they did not realize that a dire threat to revolution had already been incubated.

20世纪20年代是中国政治发生巨大变动的时代。社会主义思潮的广泛传播与国民革命运动的兴起,极大改变了中国的政治版图。在此背景下,梁启超与戴季陶虽属不同的政治阵营,但思想上有着一定的共性,即都认为源自近代西方的社会主义学说需要用中国传统来进行一番诠释,革命活动的正当性也需建立在符合中国传统的标准之上。在他们那里,中国传统,特别是儒家学说成为回应社会主义的重要理论工具。儒家学说既能用来描述社会主义的基本旨趣,又能重新展望实现社会主义及其相关政治理想的路径。将他们二位放在一起讨论,研究他们二人在当时如何基于一定的时代感来重新诠释中国传统,挖掘二人思想当中的共性,可以比较完整地呈现国民革命运动前后运用中国传统来回应社会主义思潮的基本态势。进一步而言,还可将二人的相关言说总结为一种思想类型,分析其对之后中国学术思想与政治文化的影响。

鬼神观念在商周之际发生了根本性的转变,该转变奠定了中国人的社会心态基础。殷人认为鬼神是一种有意识且能降祸福的存在,殷商社会中弥散着恐怖、祈福的氛围。经过孔子等儒家思想家的改造,鬼神成为人对生死本质、魂魄关系的一种认识,鬼神观中神秘、功利的成分被剔除殆尽,而人伦情谊则更为根本。周孔之后的鬼神观反映出中国人的社会心态基础,即亲子之间的生死相依、传续不绝形成了中国人不朽观念的重要来源,家内伦理也为社会关系的不断感通、外推提供了根基与源泉。这种社会心态使中国人从根本上与他人紧密地联系在一起,死者永存于生者心中,历史能够在生者的精神中重现。这也构成了中国人最基本的人生态度,即本乎心性的情感人伦、显亲扬名的德业精神是解除天年之限的唯一出路。

法官惩戒委员会认定违法审判责任具有权力专属性,其正当性在于法律职业共同体的职业专门逻辑,并意在防止对司法权的不当干预。惩戒委员会审议范围确定的基准应与司法自由裁量权相链接。不涉及自由裁量权判断的违法审判责任的认定,只需通过查清事实便可作出认定,无需法官惩戒委员会介入。为进一步框定法官惩戒委员会的审议范围,有必要澄清《法官法》第四十六条第四、五项与其他各项所涉违法审判责任的关系,阐释第四、五项两种违法审判责任的构成要件。化解法官惩戒委员会认定违法审判责任的困境,应在立法上明确法官惩戒委员会的审议是追究法官违法审判责任的前置程序,并强化法官惩戒与纪检监察工作双向衔接,同时还需要细化《法官法》第四十六条第四、五项的具体情形。

This article tackles four keywords in Mencius’ political philosophy, namely, (a) people-based government, (b) humane governance, (c) kingly way and (d) extending grace. Mencius took people’s consent as the basis of legitimation of domination. Mencius held that “benevolent governance” was the very nature of political activity while the “kingly way” was the ultimate goal of politics. The way of achieving the “kingly way” laid upon the method of “extending (rulers’) grace” to the people. I argued futher that Mencius’ “people-based” government was the government “of the people” and “for the people,” but not “by the people.” I also tackle the problem of “the utilization of benevolence” in Mencius’ theorization of “benevolent governance.” Moreover, Mencius’ articulation of the “kingly way” might not devote enough attention of the gap of modus operandi in the world of thought and that in the world of politics. I also indicate the analogical thinking and the maternal thinking in Mencius’ idea of “extending grace” to the people. I conclude by stressing the huge discrepancy between Mencius’ “people-based” political philosophy and the “ruler-centered” political reality in imperial China. Yet, Mencius articulation of the ruler’s moral responsibility and “the honours bestowed by Heaven” carried contemporary relevance to our era.

在南宋即负词名的朱敦儒,因委身秦桧门下与词集刻本不传的缘故,在宋之后相当一段时间里未能得到词学家们更多的青睐。直至晚清民初,三卷本《樵歌》的刊行,才使得朱敦儒其人其词再次成为学者们关注的焦点。在文学革命的语境下,以胡适为代表的新文学家,激赏希真词自然舒畅的语言表达与闲适洒脱的个性特质,意在为五四时期的白话文运动张目。与此同时,词学家们通过对“词之三变”说的推演,使朱敦儒词在词体发展史中的意义得以凸显,并给予其相当高的词史定位。正是在此过程中,朱敦儒逐渐为文学史家所接受,并被纳入经典作家的序列之中,其词史地位也最终得以确立。

Based on the early literature on the story of Hou Yi, observing the process of the derivation of the image of Hou Yi from the perspective of interactive correlation helps to re-examine the single line derivative clues of “historical mythologization” or “mythological historization.” The image of Hou Yi has undergone multiple transformations, from “Youqiongshi Hou Yi” to Hou Yi who shoots the sun in the era of Emperor Yao. The important derivative stage can be summarized as the transition Hou Yi of the Xia Dynasty to the symbolized Hou Yi who is good at shooting, and then Hou Yi who is good at shooting gaines historical character and distinguishes himself from Hou Yi of the Xia Dynasty, forming Hou Yi who shoots the sun that lives in the era of Emperor Yao. The evolution of the image of Hou Yi has gone through the evolution of historical events, the abstraction and symbolization of characters, and the reacquisition, strengthening, and shaping of historical attributes. The historical character of Hou Yi who shoots the sun prompts the combination of extraordinary hero and wise ruler, forming a cultural connotation of “wise talent matching wise ruler.”

领域法的提出是实用主义方法论的体现,是对部门法划分所彰显的理性主义立场的调适和补充。领域法所针对的“问题”是有规范价值的问题域。较之部门法,领域法的规范结构有一定特殊性,其正视主体的差异性并予以制度回应,在合法-违法之外另对行为给出鼓励和限制两种评价,权利义务结构非均衡且向弱势主体倾斜,责任形式具有差异性,责任类型具有综合性,追责目的具有多元性。依据不同标准,可对领域法作基础性领域法-综合性领域法、一般领域法-重点领域法、传统领域法-新兴领域法、国内领域法-涉外领域法的界分,其生成路径也有脱胎于传统部门法和发轫于传统部门法未顾及之处两种。领域法直接规范特定领域的秩序,能提升法学研究的深度和广度,对制度设计和制度运行都有多方面助益。

国家荣誉不仅是理想信念教育常态化制度化的鲜活素材与不竭动力,也是践行社会主义核心价值观的标杆,通过彰显国家成就与民族精神,为深化理想信念教育提供丰富的理论资源与实践典范。国家荣誉制度的本质是一种价值认可与激励系统,体现国家意志,其理论基础在于个人价值与国家利益、社会发展之间的内在一致。在新的历史条件下,国家荣誉制度应不断适应新的发展形势和国家中心任务需要,表彰目标应与国家的发展战略和核心价值观相一致;应在法治轨道上构建国家荣誉制度,完善基础性法律,制定配套法规,提升国家荣誉制度法律体系的科学化水平;应建立国家荣誉制度定期评估制度,及时改革、完善相关法律法规;应注重国家荣誉制度与相关法律法规的衔接、配合,促进国家荣誉制度法律体系稳定发展。