Regional coordinated development is not only an important strategic measure to solve the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development in China, but also an inevitable requirement for realizing the common prosperity for everyone. The implementation of regional coordinated development strategy can promote common prosperity through three channels: the free flow of elements at the micro level, the deep correlation of industries at the meso level, and the spatial radiation at the macro level. Through the analysis of the development gap and its evolution trend among China’s regions, provinces, north and south regions, it is pointed out that the regional development gap is still an important issue restricting China’s realization of common prosperity in the new development stage. In order to promote common prosperity by narrowing the regional development gap, it is necessary to adhere to regional common development in understanding, regional symbiotic development in practice and regional shared development in system. Based on this, this paper puts forward four policy recommendations to promote common prosperity through coordinated regional development: adhere to the guidance of high-quality development to lay the economic foundation for the realization of common prosperity, accelerate the formation of a regional development pattern with complementary advantages to lay a spatial foundation for the realization of common prosperity, accelerate the construction of a new mechanism for regional coordinated development to lay an institutional foundation for the realization of common prosperity, accelerate the equalization of basic public services to lay a social foundation for the realization of common prosperity.